Introduction In structural steel components, cracks usually occur at locations containing high stress concentrations, high residual tensile stresses and initial flaws, or combinations of these factors. These cracks might be present after fabrication or may be initiated during the life of the structure. They grow in a stable manner under the application of cyclic loading until the crack size becomes large enough to cause unstable crack propagation. Once a crack has been detect

Introduction Canada economic crisis due to the sharp decline in oil prices is continuing. It starts from fall 2014 and is expected to continue to 2016. Among all the provinces, Alberta is considered to be the most highly affected province by such drop. The symptoms of slowing economy in Alberta are many. The news of laid off engineers were quite common during the course of 2015. Most of such layoffs were in the oil and gas sector. Industrial sector which relies heavily on oil